葵花籽粕综合利用研究进展

葵花籽粕是葵花籽提油后的副产品。葵花籽粕蛋白品质优,各氨基酸组成平衡,此外葵花籽粕中还含有绿原酸、黄酮等多种活性物质,营养价值高,具有广阔的应用前景。从葵花籽粕作为原料提取有效成分及作为饲料用原料两方面对葵花籽粕资源的综合利用情况进行了阐述,以期为葵花籽粕的进一步开发利用提供参考。     

How Far Are We from Prescribing Fasting as Anticancer Medicine?

(1) Background: the present review provides a comprehensive and up-to date overview of the potential exploitation of fasting as an anticancer strategy. The rationale for this concept is that fasting elicits a differential stress response in the setting of unfavorable conditions, empowering the survival of normal cells, while killing cancer cells. (2) Methods: the present narrative review presents the basic aspects of the hormonal, molecular, and cellular response to fasting, focusing on the interrelationship of fasting with oxidative stress. It also presents nonclinical and clinical evidence concerning the implementation of fasting as adjuvant to chemotherapy, highlighting current challenges and future perspectives. (3) Results: there is ample nonclinical evidence indicating that fasting can mitigate the toxicity of chemotherapy and/or increase the efficacy of chemotherapy. The relevant clinical research is encouraging, albeit still in its infancy. The path forward for implementing fasting in oncology is a personalized approach, entailing counteraction of current challenges, including: (i) patient selection; (ii) fasting patterns; (iii) timeline of fasting and refeeding; (iv) validation of biomarkers for assessment of fasting; and (v) establishment of protocols for patients’ monitoring. (4) Conclusion: prescribing fasting as anticancer medicine may not be far away if large randomized clinical trials consolidate its safety and efficacy.     

基于主动学习的离群点集成挖掘方法研究

离群点检测任务通常缺少可用的标注数据，且离群数据只占整个数据集的很小一部分，相较于其他的数据挖掘任务，离群点检测的难度较大，尚没有单一的算法适合于所有的场景。因此，结合多样性模型集成和主动学习思想，提出了一种基于主动学习的离群点集成检测方法OMAL（Outlier Mining based on Active Learning）。在主动学习框架指导下，根据各种基学习器的对比分析，选择了基于统计的、基于相似性的、基于子空间划分的三个无监督模型作为基学习器。将各基学习器评判的处于离群和正常边界的数据整合后呈现给人类专家进行标注，以最大化人类专家反馈的信息量；从标注的数据集和各基学习器投票产生的数据集中抽样，基于GBM（Gradient BoostingMachine）训练一个有监督二元分类模型，并将该模型应用于全数据集，得出最终的挖掘结果。实验表明，提出方法的AUC有了较为明显的提升，且具有良好的运行效率，具备较好的实用价值。     

综采工作面活性磁化水防尘技术研究

煤矿生产是环境较为封闭的井下作业，具有一定的特殊性，作业空间湿度高、生产环境复杂，其中粉尘是危害最大的因素之一，会对机器和人体造成不同程度的损害。粉尘的危害主要由两方面决定:煤尘能够燃烧，在浓度较高时还会爆炸；粉尘会危害人的身体健康。以平煤股份十矿-320 m水平己四采区东翼下段的己_15-16-24130工作面为研究对象，研究磁化水除尘的方法及原理，通过对比分析优选出活性磁化水添加剂，在该工作面试验后具有良好的除尘效果，大大增加了可见度、降低了空气中悬浮的煤尘。研究对该矿井其他工作面除尘工作具有指导意义。     

Solution combustion synthesis of cerium oxide nanoparticles as corrosion inhibitor

In this study, combustion synthesis of cerium oxide nanoparticles was reported using cerium nitrate hexahydrate as starting material as well as urea, glycine, glucose, and citric acid as fuels. The influence of fuel type on structure, microstructure, band gap, and corrosion inhibition was investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and scanning electron microscopy micrographs showed that CeO₂ nanoparticles with different morphologies were obtained depending on the fuel type. Microstructural changes from unreacted gel to sponge-like morphologies were resulted by varying the fuel type from urea, glycine, and glucose to citric acid. In addition to Ce–O bonds, Fourier transform infrared analysis showed carbon bonds of carbonaceous compositions from incomplete combustion which were declined during combustion reaction. Furthermore, corrosion analyses showed that samples synthesized using urea fuel released the most Ce⁺⁴ ions and could have better protection than other samples.     

Complete Photochemical Regulation of 8–17 DNAzyme Activity by Using Reversible DNA Photo-crosslinking

The regulation of DNAzyme activity is an important problem for its in vivo applications. We achieved photochemical regulation of DNAzyme activity by using reversible DNA photo-crosslinking of 3-cyanovinylcarbazole (^CNVK). The ODN containing ^CNVK photo-crosslinked to a pyrimidine base in the complementary strand after a few seconds of photoirradiation, and its photoadduct was split by photoirradiation of another wavelength. The activity of photo-crosslinked DNAzyme with ^CNVK was completely inhibited (OFF state). In contrast, after 312 nm irradiation, DNAzyme activity was recovered upon addition of a substrate strand (ON state). In addition, the photo-crosslinked DNAzyme is prone to enzymatic digestion by exonuclease. This photochemical OFF to ON switching with reversible DNA photo-crosslinking was regulated at the desired time and position; therefore, it might be possible to use it for in vivo application.     

固溶处理对TiB2/6061复合材料硬度及耐磨性的影响

采用氟盐法制备了TiB₂质量分数为3%的原位合成TiB₂/6061复合材料,研究了固溶温度和固溶时间对复合材料硬度和耐磨性能的影响。结果表明:TiB₂颗粒弥散分布在6061铝合金基体中,明显细化6061铝合金基体晶粒。当固溶温度一定时,随固溶时间延长,复合材料的硬度和耐磨性可获得明显提高,但固溶时间在6~10 h时,复合材料的性能变化不显著。当固溶时间一定时,随固溶温度升高,复合材料硬度和耐磨性呈现先上升后下降的趋势。3wt%TiB₂/6061复合材料经530 ℃×10 h固溶处理后,硬度和耐磨性能最佳,相较于铸态硬度值提高了79.5％,磨损量减少了59.1%。固溶处理后复合材料的磨损表面犁沟变细变浅,材料脱落现象减少。     

Expanding the Spectrum of Antibiotics Capable of Killing Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Infections from antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are a serious threat because reduced antibiotic efficacy complicates treatment decisions and prolongs the disease state in many patients. To expand the arsenal of treatments against antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) pathogens, 600-Da branched polyethylenimine (BPEI) can overcome antibiotic resistance mechanisms and potentiate β-lactam antibiotics against Gram-positive bacteria. BPEI binds cell-wall teichoic acids and disables resistance factors from penicillin binding proteins PBP2a and PBP4. This study describes a new mechanism of action for BPEI potentiation of antibiotics generally regarded as agents effective against Gram-positive pathogens but not Gram-negative bacteria. 600-Da BPEI is able to reduce the barriers to drug influx and facilitate the uptake of a non-β-lactam co-drug, erythromycin, which targets the intracellular machinery. Also, BPEI can suppress production of the cytokine interleukin IL-8 by human epithelial keratinocytes. This enables BPEI to function as a broad-spectrum antibiotic potentiator, and expands the opportunities to improve drug design, antibiotic development, and therapeutic approaches against pathogenic bacteria, especially for wound care.     

Microstructure,hardness, toughness and abrasive wear resistance of 16.0 wt. % chromium white iron after continuous and cyclic destabilisation treatment

Destabilisation of as-cast chromium white iron with 16 wt-% chromium are performed by continuous destabilisation treatment for 4 h and short duration (0.66 h) cyclic destabilisation treatment at 900, 950, 1000, 1050, and 1100 °C. Continuous destabilisation causes secondary carbides precipitation from austenite which on slow cooling transforms to pearlite matrix. Cyclic destabilisation treatment causes similar precipitation of finer secondary carbides following shorter period austenitisation and a matrix containing martensite and retained austenite on forced-air cooling. After continuous destabilisation, hardness falls below the as-cast value (HV622); whereas it rises to HV950 after cyclic destabilisation treatment. The as-cast notched impact toughness (4.0 J) increases to 8.5 J or more after both continuous and cyclic destabilisation at 1050 and 1100 °C. Abrasive wear resistance after continuous destabilisation improves only at higher wear load (49.0 N), while after cyclic destabilisation it supersedes the as-cast and Ni-Hard IV performance at both low (19.6 N) and high (49.9 N) wear load.